Apple's Marketing Strategy

Introduction

Apple Incorporation, a well-known multinational company, is well-known for its electronics products along with laptops and computer softwares. It has 363 retail stores throughout the world and has a global sale of almost 16 billion USD (Perreau, 2013). This report describes consumer’s decision making process while purchasing a laptop and Consumer’s attitude towards the Apple iMac laptops which will help the Apple Corporation to prepare the marketing plan for iMac Laptops.

Consumer Decision Making process for Apple iMac

Consumer decision making includes the following processes while purchasing Apple iMac laptops.

Budget

The first thing that consumers see is, budget. Budget is very important in deciding if the product should be bought or not(Kotl er, 2010). Apple iMac is really an expensive product available in the market. Its lowest range starts from very high prizes. Thus, Apple iMac laptops may not be in the budget range of most of the customers.

Features 

The laptop should have the features that the customers want in their laptop. These features should be according to the customers need and requirements. Apple provides a wide range of features according to various professions and purposes. The main features that the customer will focus is, on the size of hard disk, RAM, processor and processing speed, graphics card, USB ports etc. (Reisinger, 2012).

Compatibility

Compatibility is also an important factor. Customers are really conscious with the operating system, as it acts as a platform for various applications and programs in a computer (Cansu, 2013). Operating system also depends on the ease of use. Thus, customers want to install the operating system according to their comfort.

Design and Look

The other thing that the customers considers while purchasing any laptop is its design and look.  Philosophically, design and look of the laptop should be according to the profession or purpose. Personally, people want to purchase a laptop which suits their style and personality.

Reliability and Comfort

Reliability of the laptops is also important for the customers. Before buying the laptops they make it a point to check its reliability as well as the comfort in using the accessories. Accessories like touchpad, keypad etc. should be soft and according to the comfort of the users. Reliability is a measure to how much the computer will work correctly (Perreau, 2013).

Reviews

While purchasing these types of accessories, customers always take recommendation from other people who used the apple products. Thus, it is also necessary to provide the quality service as people will recommend it only on the basis of their experience. But it should be noted that Apple iMac has a good reputation in the market in terms of quality, reliability and comfort (Strategies, 2015).

Consumer’s Attitude towards Apple iMac

Apple is a well-known popular brand in market for its quality and services. People like to use Apple iMac laptops available in the market. Apple laptops are available in the market with wide range of features in terms of memory, processing speed etc. It satisfies the needs and requirements up to a satisfactory level (Forbes, 2014).  Currently, Apple laptops are compatible with most of the operating systems. People feedback supports the reliability and the quality services of the Apple laptops. The only negative point is that Apple laptop may not be in the budget of many middle class families. It enhances the image and lifestyle of the customers as the style and look of the laptop is very beautiful and Apple brand itself enhances the lifestyle of the people (Harris, 2013).

Conclusion

The above report is a market analysis for the Apple iMac laptop. Apple has a strong brand image among the consumers. Customers prefer to purchase the Apple laptops for its quality, services, features and reliability and rejects is due to budget. People also think that Apple laptop enhances the personality of the people. 

References

1.        Forbes, (2014). Here's The Simple Secret To Apple's Marketing Success. [online] Available at: http://www.forbes.com/sites/jaysondemers/2014/07/08/heres-the-simple-secret-to-apples-marketing-success/ [Accessed 18 Jan. 2015].

2.       Reisinger, D. (2012). The unspoken truth about Apple. [online] Fortune. Available at: http://fortune.com/2012/07/30/the-unspoken-truth-about-apple/ [Accessed 18 Jan. 2015].

3.       Strategies, 4. (2015). 4.0) Marketing Mix – An Overview of Apple's Implementation of Marketing Strategies. [online] Academia.edu. Available at: http://www.academia.edu/5249311/4.0_Marketing_Mix_An_Overview_of_Apples_Implementation_of_Marketing_Strategies [Accessed 18 Jan. 2015].

4.       Harris, M. (2013). New Product Markets...Create and dominate them Apple style! 2010 CMO Partners.

5.       Kotler, P. (2010). Marketing Management 8^th ed. London: Pearson publishing house.

6.       Cansu, Copuroglu (2013). American Academic & Scholarity Research Journal  5 (6) pp. 5-10.

7.       Perreau, F. (2013). The forces that drive consumer behaviour. Pp 6-41.

Essay on Sociology

What is sociology?

Every human being sometimes or the other has some questions like: How were the things when their parents or grandparents were young? Why is that the teachers do not give out the real story about something that has happened in the school? Why some friends think and/or act differently? Why there are few families that are rich, few that are poor; why few people commit crime while other people don't and why few students are popular whereas few are not? If someone really has questions like this in their mind, then sociology is the right subject for those people as this is a branch of studies which deals with questions like this that comes in everybody's mind.

If we define "sociology", we can say that it is the methodical study of human society. When we talk about human society, it is actually a very big topic. Sociologists study every aspect of a society from dyads, organisations, culture, groups as well as networks, communities, society and also international relations. If you see it otherwise, one could say that sociology is about studying almost anything and everything (Macionis and Plummer, 2005). Sociology is not about studying a particular topic but it is about how one thinks about a topic and how he studies it. It is the study of individual social relationships and organisations. The subject matter of sociology has a vast range which ranges from religion to crime, and from the family to state as well as from the different section of race along with social sturdiness to a complete change in the entire society.

Sociology is one of a very exciting as well as a field of study that illuminates one's mind along with analysing some of the most important problems in our lives, communities as well as world (Gibbs, Jack P. & Erickson, Maynard L., 1975). At the personal level, sociology looks into the public causes and repercussions of such things as love, identity at racial and gender level, family issues, deviant nature, ageing, and spiritual trust. At the social level, sociology investigates and describes matters like criminal activity and law, hardship and prosperity, tendency and discrimination, educational institutions and education, business companies, community in the urban area, and social motions. At the international level, such phenomena are studied under sociology like inhabitants' development and migration, war and serenity, and financial development (Macionis and Plummer, 2005).

Sociologists highlight the careful collection and research of proof about public interaction to develop and enhance our understanding of key public processes. The research techniques sociologists use, are different. Sociologists observe the lifestyle of different groups, perform large-scale surveys, understand traditional documents, evaluate census data, study video-taped communications, interview members of groups, and perform lab tests. The research techniques and concepts of sociology generates powerful ideas into the public processes forming human lives and public problems and prospects in the contemporary world. By better knowing those social procedures, we also come to comprehend more clearly the causes forming the individual experiences and results of our own lifestyles. The capability to see and comprehend this relationship between wide social forces and individual experiences, called the sociological imagination by C. Wright Mills, is a very useful educational planning for living effective and fulfilling personal as well as professional lifestyles in a modifying and complicated society (Gibbs, Jack P. & Erickson, Maynard L., 1975).

Those students who have been well qualified in sociology know how to think seriously about the social life of a human being, and how to ask those questions which are important. They know the way of designing good projects for social research, properly gather and assess scientific information, and plan as well as present the findings of their research. Students who are qualified in sociology also know how to help others in understanding how the social world performs and how it might be modified for the better (Brent, John J., 2012). Most usually, they have discovered how to think, assess, and connect clearly, successfully, and creatively. These are all capabilities of remarkable value in an extensive range of professional callings and careers.

Sociology offers a unique and informative way of seeing and knowing the social world in which we live and which forms our lifestyles. Sociology looks beyond normal, taken-for-granted opinions of reality, to provide further, more lighting and complicated knowing of social interaction. Through its particular systematic viewpoint, social concepts, and research methods, sociology is a self-discipline that increases our attention and research of the individual social connections, culture of the societies, and organizations that significantly shape both our lifestyles as well as our history (Zevallos, Zuleyka, 2013).

Sociologists create ideas and concepts in order to help expose the structure of social interaction and they take part in numerous different forms of scientific research to test and create these ideas. They are enthusiastic about how people connect and create significance and understanding, but they are also enthusiastic about questions of power and inequality. They use a variety of sources such as traditional records, findings, study research to help create straight answers about how community functions. Sociology is a topic that attracts those who are ready to go beyond sound judgment details and also challenge their presumptions. It requests of us to look at the acquainted with clean sight, to question approved understanding of the world and to seriously assess commonly organised concepts that might otherwise go unquestioned (Crossman, Ashley).

How does sociology help us to understand 'sex and gender' as important social phenomenon?

Sex and gender both perform a very important part in how community interprets an individual and how others will usually respond to a person’s actions, as well as how they present themselves to the words. As sex and gender are both different, it is possible to distinguish between which social inequalities and objectives occur from each. A person’s sex is recognized biologically; whether an individual is from a physical standpoint recognized as being female or male (The sociology of Gender, 2008). This is compared or accompanied by a person’s gender; whether an individual recognizes themselves as being sociologically female or male, dealing with the culturally incorporated factors of either of the gender, regardless of their sex. This type of recognition of gender is usually made by recognizing by the upbringing of a person and activities. Within community there are various inequalities among men and women for both sex as well as gender roles. As a person’s gender can at times conflict with their sex, greater part of the society does not agree to the actions of people and often even further inequality can occur as a consequence of this social judgment (Brent, John J., 2012).

Gender is described as ‘the evaluation of someone’s ‘sex’ which is drawn upon by social actions rather than scientific or even physical ones. The social communications and experiences that will form a person’s gender identification and consequently how society will consider them, take place from the time a person is born. A child’s first social experience is with that of their parents; who eagerly wait to welcome him or her into the world with love and passion, usually vowing to not treat them with any kind of bias without thinking about their sex so that their child can turn into his or her own individual person. However, as mother and father wait for the information of which sex their baby is, in the same way the wait for the indication as to how to behave towards their baby. As soon as a child has been recognized biologically as being a woman or man, they will come in contact with various social components in an attempt to shape them towards their specific genders (The sociology of Gender, 2008). Kids will also look towards their same-sex mother or father for assistance as to how they should act; emulating their mother and father and taking in their social actions as his or her own. This sex recognition procedure has no specific finishing point, but rather will proceed right through a person’s life. As people’s sex identification is designed, various positions and objectives will be thrown upon them by community, which can include inequality and some way of elegance. While no published rules binds them to it, it is usually predicted that men will do the work of providing for their loved ones through work or any other means and that females will execute family tasks such as food preparation, washing and doing the laundry. A person’s sex identification is not set within their biology, but rather is reliant on social as well as cultural aspects that have are throughout the history. According to Davies (1989) and MacNaughton (2000), the specific role of both the genders should be distributed across both sexes; with men able to take on positions and actions that are sociologically approved to be feminine, such as looking after their children, caring, shaving, dance and growing of long ‘head hair’; and some women able to take on positions and actions that are sociologically approved to be that of a man, such as development or technological innovation work and professional game. As a gender role start to go over to the other sex, community starts to throw verdict and discrimination upon those who accept gender positions generally associated with those of the other sex (Gibbs, Jack P. & Erickson, Maynard L., 1975). This indicates that sex positions are imbedded sociologically into their specific genders. Due to these almost entirely sex based gender positions, those discovering themselves connecting with gender roles generally pertaining to their opposite sex might discover themselves confused; often desperate for a stability between their own character and person the society desires them to be.

Gender signifies whether a person is naturally recognized as being female or male, whereas sex is a more very subjective phrase that can be implemented to both the sexes; the organization with particular positions that have been sociologically recognized as being either ‘masculine or feminine’ that both men as well as women is capable of doing (Crossman, Ashley). It is also possible for a man or woman to recognize with both genders. Being associated with a particular sex or gender brings along with it social verdict, inequality as well as stereotyping, impacting all associates of all events. As sex and gender both are different, it is possible to see the inequalities arising from both, and affiliate with stigmas and unjust objectives and presumptions are created from each.

What is state power and how might it be important in the sociological study of one of: aboriginality, health, religion, deviance, media, popular culture or the networked society?

A main issue of sociology is that of power - how people and categories protected their objectives through connections with others. Connections of power can be structured around a wide range of organizations, state power seem to be of major importance (Gibbs, Jack P. & Erickson, Maynard L., 1975). The state power is the right to implement instructions with the support of the law. It has become progressively persistent through many different places of public interaction and is also known as political power.

The term “deviance” is used by sociologists to make reference to behavior which changes, in some way, from a social standard. In this regard, it is clear that the idea of deviance represents a breach of social standards and represents concept splitting behavior. Deviance represents those activities which go against the standards, principles as well as beliefs of common lifestyle. Each society describes what is deviant and what is not, and explanations of deviance vary commonly between cultures. For example, some cultures have much more strict guidelines regarding gender positions than there is in the US, and still other societies’ guidelines regulating gender positions are less strict than the Americans (Macionis and Plummer, 2005).

In America, females who cry publicly in reaction to psychological circumstances are not usually regarded deviant including the females who cry regularly and quickly. This perspective of females has stayed relatively continuous. Half a century ago, however, society's understanding of men who cry has been modified. A man who cried openly in the nineteen fifties would have been regarded deviant. Nowadays, men who cry in reaction to excessive psychological circumstances are considered within the society’s standards. Politicians who are men cry when they announce about their defeat, male sportsmen cry after winning a tournament, and male stars cry after winning a prize. By today’s requirements, none of these men is choosing a deviant act (Brent, John J., 2012).

One opportunity to discover the legitimation of deviance is to analyze how it is mentioned, created, and served upon. Discussion, that is, represents the way people think and discuss different factors. With a focus on language, the problem of discourse comes from the structuralism custom. For Foucault, however, language and discourse is not restricted to the published or verbal term (Foucault, 1972). Rather, it represents languages, actions, and methods. Foucault’s purpose is to look below term option and methods to analyze why they are employed and what is the significance that they offer. Given that discourse places the factors for what is possible and difficult, analyzing power, significance, and language becomes more powerful than at the first appearance.

At this point, one cannot help but to activate the writings of Harvey (2006) as he claims that the primary operation of the condition is to make profitable circumstances for the industry. In characterizing the neo-liberal condition, he states that the essential objective of the neo-liberal condition is to make a ‘good company climate’ for public well-being. The neo-liberal state looks to further the cause of and to accomplish and activate all company's interests (Macionis and Plummer, 2005). Here, the primary capability of the condition can be found within its reliable discussion, monopoly of power, coercive impacts over regulation, and capability to offer clean investment for the industry. Each meaning used for deviance by prominent components has effects for the public’s response. For example, deviance described by the economic system and not the state is an unexpected action that provides something to be served against and managed. However, actions that are described by the economic system and the state become appropriate actions and entertainment that can be used (Zevallos, Zuleyka, 2013).

It seems that the legitimation methods of the state offer the means required to vindicate once questionable illegal actions. Here, state supported organizations may have an aspect in guaranteeing the success and approval of deviance in two methods. First, they offered the ways that moved the development of illegal actions from being wrong to lawful and therefore culturally palatable. Secondly, they responded to the marketplaces contact to set up circumstances enabling for the development and commercialization of deviance. It is obvious that the requirements of the industry and the discussion of the state (together) were efficient in changing the development of deviance from being ‘criminal’ to being genuine (Gibbs, Jack P. & Erickson, Maynard L., 1975).

The sociological viewpoint of deviance gives a consideration of some description to deviance and gives their perspective. However, it differs based on the various techniques. For an act to be believed to as deviance it differs from position to position and every now and then. Sociologists evaluate government and state guidelines with regards to their impact on people and larger social systems (Gibbs, Jack P. & Erickson, Maynard L., 1975). Power is a business or individual’s ability to control or immediate others, while energy is effect that is predicated on identified credibility. Max Weber examined power, identifying between the two concepts and creating a system for determining the different types of power.

References

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6. 6.      Crossman, A. (2014). 'What Sociology Says About Gender and Society. About.' Retrieved 8 September 2014, from http://sociology.about.com/od/Disciplines/a/Sociology-Of-Gender.htm
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21. 
    

What makes a good writer

Writing is an art. A good writer makes a reader stop and read through the entire article before going to the next page. The write-up should be easily understood and at the same time should tell the entire story to the reader. In many articles we find the initial few sentences very attractive; however, as we move ahead, we often find that they lack the enthusiasm which was seen in the beginning of the article. It is very important to write the article in such a way that the reader could make out the mood of the writer. At last, it is very important to maintain the consistency of the tone throughout the article.

So, go ahead and become a great writer by applying these easy steps!

Summary of a scientific article on a selected health informatics or information technology topic, application, trend, or issue influencing consumer, clinical and public health informatics

Summary

In today's time, patients have become more aware about their healthcare and are looking for those healthcare options that can properly engage them towards delivering their responsibilities towards the patients. Social media like Facebook and Twitter is considered of playing a most important role in making people aware of the different benefits of healthcare. Before internet came into existence, people would make their choice of a right healthcare just by its reputation or after a recommendation from a friend or proximity (Rozenblum & Bates, 2013). But now people can see the review of a particular healthcare with the help of social media or through other sites on the internet and then make an informed decision. Where people have started making the best use of internet, healthcare companies have been slow in this field. They need to start thinking about how to use the internet in marketing themselves. Patients like to answer the different questions related to their health online and choose their healthcare which best suits them. This technology should be applied by all the healthcares to succeed in the market. The public reports which are available on patients' personal experience, have been a motivation for many healthcare providers and they have become more oriented towards the care and good for the patients. Nowadays, internet is used for everything from shopping to finding best restaurant in the area. Along with that people even use this medium as the most effective way in finding the best healthcare provider for themselves (Rozenblum & Bates, 2013). Facebook is playing a very important role when it comes to delivering healthcare information, like exact data about the different facilities that the healthcare is providing. Blogs have even become a powerful tool in providing health information as well as engage them with their care. There are many websites which also allows the customers to describe their experiences with a particular healthcare provider and also allow them to rate according to the treatment that they got from a particular healthcare provider. The customers can also leave their comments and reviews on those websites. This has spread awareness among people and most of them do refer to these reviews before contacting a particular healthcare provider. This also helps them to improve their quality and serve the patients at their best. But this should also be kept in mind that the ratings as well as reviews may have many flaws and biases (Rozenblum & Bates, 2013). So, further investigation should be done to assess the reliability of these healthcare providers. There are many data which is on the heath related events and on different diseases which has been efficiently tackled by a particular healthcare provider. These data have been very useful in further work towards the treatment of those diseases. This information which are acquired through the internet as well as social media have become of major value to the public. This has also helped the healthcare organizations as well as to the possible regulatory bodies in assessing the healthcare provider (Rozenblum & Bates, 2013). Although it is unlikely for them to replace more traditional surveys of patients, they will definitely add to the present surveys which could help them to identify any poor care along the outstanding performance of the healthcare provider. These internets have made such a place in human life that existence without it has become impossible. With the passing years the internet is becoming more users friendly and is full of such resources which could help a person on his day-to-day life.

REFERENCE

Rozenblum, R., & Bates, D. (2013). Patient-centred healthcare, social media and the internet: the perfect storm? BMJ Quality &

Garcinia Cambogia

Weight loss in today’s world is something which every other person is concerned about. Today most part of the world's population is suffering from increased weight. This is mainly due to the eating habits. In this busy world, we are so much in hurry that we grab whatever is handy and fulfil our hunger. This is the reason most of us suffer from obesity or weight gain. After the problem arises we start doing whatever we can to get rid of those extra fats.

Nowadays there are so many dietary supplements available in the market that it is tough to find out which is good and which is not. In this situation, a supplement like Garcinia Cambogia is like a revolution in the field of weight loss. Long ago, in South East Asia, people used to use this fruit to treat many diseases and about a year ago, Dr Oz showed its weight loss benefits to the world on a TV show. Thus, more and more people around the world became aware of this natural weight loss supplement.

The best thing about this supplement is that, you don't need to go through those crash dieting or do workouts for long hours. This has the natural benefits of Hydroxycitric Acid (HCA) in it which, actually, helps burn those extra fats without any negative effect on your body. Your greed towards food reduces and you start eating less.

Garcinia manages your Serotonin level. So, you stop craving for junk food, oily food or any other fatty food.  At the same time, it burns your stored fats. In a week, you will feel the difference.

 This is a natural supplement and does not have any side effects, however, till now it has not been tested on pregnant or breast feeding women. So, it is advisable to consult your doctor, if you want to use it.

Bags for Women

The Most Useful and Mesmerizing Styles of Bags for women

When it comes to women's fashion, bags play a very important role. There are so many handbags, clutches, wallets, sling bags, cross- body bags, tote bags, backpacks and utility bags available in market. You can even purchase them easily through online shopping sites. Besides these, you can also buy coach bags, ladies handbags, purse and leather bags, which on most of the sites are very cheap.

Women like flashing their bags so much that they don't mind spending on them. And to serve their purpose, there are many designer bags available in market starting from the simple cotton bags to the branded ones.

Simple Cotton Bags:

Besides these branded bags, cotton bags for women are also very much in fashion nowadays. They are cheaper as compared to the branded ones and are eco-friendly. You can find varieties in size, color and design.

Branded Carriers:

Prada - Within the branded ones, Prada bags are very unique and stylish. They come in different sizes and colors to choose from. After carrying a Prada bag you feel very confident.

Guess - Even Guess bags are very trendy and are amongst the must-have designer bags. They come in different designs and colors. So women of all age can carry these bags and get a stylish look.

Dior - Dior bags are also very elegant and classy. As they are made of soft leather of the best quality, they can be used on a daily basis.

DKNY - DKNY is yet another brand which has varieties to offer. They have a wide range of choices from where you can choose your favorite color and size for any occasion. DKNY bags are very durable; they don't compromise with the quality of the material used.

Birkin - Among the latest handbags, you will find bags of all ranges and different designs. If money is no bar for you and you want best quality and design for your handbags, Birkin bags are a right choice. Mostly used by celebrities, their price ranges from $7400 to $150,000. They also come in different sizes and colors. They are handmade and are only available in Hermes Boutiques. They are made in very limited numbers. So, you may not find a Birkin bag every time you go out for shopping.

Duffel - There is a wide variety of bags available. Bags make life easier for women when it comes to carrying things from one place to another. Duffel is one such name that makes bags mainly used by athletes, travelers and military personnel. These are the long cylindrical bags in which more and more items can be carried with less strain. But in case you don't want to carry so many things at a time but just your personal belongings, shoulder bags are very useful. In case your carrying requirement is not that much, you can choose shoulder bags by Duffel, instead.

There are endless varieties of women bags, smallest ones being the wallets. In fact, you can find bags of every size, shape and color. An essential part of our life and a very important accessory for women!

PSYCHOSOCIAL HEALTH & SNAPEO ANALYSIS

A variety of psychological issues exist in people of all ages. Men and women who have reached their middle years (35 to 59) have mental, emotional and behavioral health issues too as it is a crucial point in their life. This is the age when a lot of mental health problems like anxiety and depression sets in. This could lead to behaviors like drinking, smoking, suicidal tendencies, and other such deviant actions. However, this can also be treated with psychological help.

Psychosocial health depends on a variety of factors, including self- acceptance, autonomy, positive relations with people around, personal growth, environmental mastery and purpose in life. These are the factors that ensure a positive future life.

With the help of SNAPEO (Smoking, Nutrition, Alcohol, Physical exercise, Emotional/ mental health and Occupational history) analysis, this paper shows a case study where Mrs. Spencer Gilligan has been interviewed. She is the Creative Head at an advertising agency at the age of 45. This assessment is done to evaluate the health status of Mrs. Gilligan. The report also contains appropriate measure to promote her health and to maximize her psychosocial health.

Mrs. Gilligan smokes about 5 cigarettes a day since that is the recreational break for most of the people in her office. She also has a lot of workload and thinks that smoking will help her to cope better with the stress. Her diet is not strictly healthy since she does not have the time to find diet conscious food. She survives on fast food during the week and only manages to eat right during the weekend when she is able to cook at home. Her alcohol intake is strictly during weekends and only wine. Mrs. Gilligan walks to the office and back, which takes about half an hour one way. She also makes sure to use the stairs instead of the lift since this is the only exercise she is able to find time for. Mrs. Gilligan considers herself to be emotionally sound. She has a very active social life and is involved in her children’s school activities. She takes regular holidays with her family and keeps them close. She has been working with the same company for over 5 years now, before which she was working at a fashion magazine as the sub-editor.

From my interview with Mrs. Gilligan, it is apparent that she is a mentally healthy person. She has an active social life and makes time for friends and family. Finding time to spend with loved ones always helps to keep up ones mental health. This means that one is supported and loved and that any problems can be addressed and taken care of.

But she faces stress at her workplace which affects her health in certain ways. Stress at the workplace is a common occurrence in many people. But this has to be dealt with carefully so that one does not let it affect their health. In this scenario, smoking was Mrs. Gilligan’s way of reducing stress. But this habit has adverse effects on the body and its organs. This habit has to be consciously eliminated from her daily life.

Exercise is another important aspect of maintaining a healthy outlook towards life. This also helps out to exorcise the negative influences by focusing on the positive. Mrs. Gilligan needs to explore options other than walking to and from work as part of her exercise regime. Yoga is the ideal option here (Bock et al., 2010). This way, she can reduce and control her stress levels. This is an ancient practice that influences the body, mind and soul of a person. Running, swimming, cycling etc. are also good workouts that would keep one fit and healthy. These would also influence the gradual reduction of smoking as stamina becomes important.

Another advantage in these workouts is that it helps one to become conscious of their diet. A healthy meal is directly proportional to a healthy mind and body. Instead of having junk food from work, it would help to carry meals and snacks from home to office. Fruits, vegetables, fish and meat should be a part of a person’s diet. Reduction of stress levels and proper exercises will help induce the need for a healthy diet.

Mrs. Gilligan’s perceptions are sound. She makes healthy life decisions except in terms of diet and nicotine, but other factors come into the picture. She is known to cope well with stressful situations at home and with friends. She has unconditional love and support from all of her family members and friends to whom she returns the same level of love, care and support. This helps to reduce her anxiety levels and she is at peace within the comforts of her home which is extremely important after a stressful day at work. Coming home to more strenuous situations would be taxing on the body and the mind.

 A healthy mind is important as this determines the future and how well it can be handled by people. If one has problems with their psychosocial health, they could be prone to depression and anxiety which will be a problem if they are beset by physical illnesses later on in life. Coping with one’s illness and that of the spouse requires good mental health. One’s healthy psychosocial state in the younger days ensures positive health in later years as well.

The middle years of one’s life is a time of drastic changes both physically and psychologically. Physical changes include graying and thinning of the hair, loss of skin elasticity, significant loss in strength and flexibility and weight gain. Women also go through the difficult time of menopause, which is emotionally overwhelming.

Psychologically too, this is an important stage where one realizes the consequences of all of the independent choices made earlier in life. According to the American Psychological Association, these life stressors include adapting to and coping with life transitions, grief, poverty, functional limitations, multiple medical situations, etc. (APA).

Nurses are in an exceptional place to be able to observe the psychosocial needs of a patient. It is significant for nurses to be able to include the patient’s sexuality, optimism, spirituality and hope when assessing psychological care and quality of life (Legg, n.d). Psychosocial support involves the culturally sensitive provision of psychological, social and spiritual care (Hodgkinson, 2008). This care is part of the holistic program designed to give the patient optimal care in times of sickness. Every new disease brings about some kind of an emotional trauma to a patient. Middle years of a person’s life is usually when diabetes, cholesterol and other minor or major conditions are discovered in people. Having been healthy all their lives, realizing this about themselves is a shock that needs to be handled with care. Nurses are in a situation to help them cope with the changes that every new such condition brings.

The most important aspect that a nurse should take into consideration is the need to establish a good rapport with the patient and their family. Through dialogue, the nurse should be able to comprehend the patient and how he/ she views himself/ herself. These are some of the basic requirements to understand how the treatment itself will work on the patient. All treatments are created exclusively for each patient according to the illness, the symptoms and their mental health.

Both physical and psychological problems are equally important to be treated. The only difference between the two is that one is apparent and the other one is covert. Psychological problems have to be probed into and found out. Only then can effective treatment be given. There are a number of different approaches regarding the causes, diagnosis and treatment of mental health problems. (Dorsey, 2014). Treatments for mental illnesses are many.

·  Behavioral Therapy

·  Cognitive Therapy

·  Drug Therapy

·  Electroconvulsive Therapy

·  Brain stimulating Therapy

·  Cognitive Behavioral Therapy

· Psycho Therapy, to name a few.

Mental health disorders is always retaliated through a positive state of mind which influences positive thoughts, and which in turn builds better relationships with the family members. The person suffering from disorders need to first have a good support from his near and dear ones. This would at least make him feel positive about the surrounding environment. His hope within himself will encourage him to think positively, and slowly start with his daily operational activities. This will help him to divert his attention and mind and get more attached to the work. He might fail during the initial stages, but at this juncture, he needs to motivate himself from within (Vöhringer & Ghaemi, 2011).  Medication and oral encouragement will also help him to recover from activities and incidences that could lead to a relapse in his mental situation (Evren, Kural & Cakmak, 2009).

The other aid that such people are benefited with, includes the care and helping hands from friends, spouses, officials, colleagues, senior officials and parents. The patient trusts these people and so their guidance have a positive effect over the mental states thus helping him to create the path of success. His/her condition can be cured through positive thinking, creative hope, positive mindset, encouragement, and  nurturing relationship (Sanders, 2010). Additionally, the support of his/her near and dear ones along with proper medications will help to heal the condition at a fast pace thus making him/her more confident.

To conclude, psychosocial factors play an important role in deciding our everyday life and how we deal with situations that come up in our life. These factors are easy to manage if one is willing to try. These are also as easy to go out of hand, leading to major problems in dealing with situations that one should ideally be able take care of with ease. Maintaining good relations with one's family and friends is one of the most important aspect of sustaining good mental health. Family and friends encourage, love, care and support one another through good times and bad. This is the basic necessity that man as a social being requires. Without this, we would crumble in the face of adversities. There are also multiple factors that go into it. Everything has to go in a balance in one’s life to be satisfactory and for one to be able to manage good health.

Hope is also an important component in psychosocial care. Reb (2007) states that hope includes reflection, re‑evaluation, finding meaning and the development of new goals. In order to attain realistic goals, it is important to revise the existing one so that there are flexible and thus more motivated since the new revision makes the process easier. Hope is about conquering one’s disease and being able to create a whole new life for oneself. They create in their mind a vision for a better life. It is the quality of life that matters to them at the point of an illness. Focusing on attainable goals can promote a sense of meaning and personal control. It is important for nurses find the balance between truth telling and nurturing hope which is an important aspect of fostering hope (Schofield et al 2010). Some nurses believe fostering false hope of a cure when a cure is not possible ultimately can be a source of regret as it may hinder patients and their family from making sensible treatment and lifestyle decisions. A study conducted by Reb (2007) found that communication style and relationships with health care providers were significant recurring themes that influenced hope. Nurses need to be able to engage patients and their families positively and to provide hope no matter what the shape hope comes in.

Spending time with Mrs. Gilligan helped me realize that she will be willing to try and quit smoking and eating healthy only for her friends and family. Having this kind of a support group increases one’s chances of being in a positive circle of life. It is this love that she has for her family that would make her want to live a healthier life and want to bring about changes in her present lifestyle habits. 

REFERENCES

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